MongoDB数据库初学教程
如果想查看当前连接在哪个数据库下面，可以直接输入db
./bin/mongod --help
** NOTE: when using MongoDB 32 bit, you are limited to about 2
gigabytes of data
** see
http://blog.mongodb.org/post/137788967/32-bit-limitations for
more
Allowed options:
General options:
-h [ --help
]
show this usage information
--version
show version information
-f [ --config ] arg
configuration file specifying additional options
--port
arg
specify port number
--bind_ip
arg
local ip address to bind listener - all local ips
bound by default
-v [ --verbose
] be more
verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--dbpath arg (=/data/db/) directory for
datafiles 指定数据存放目录
--quiet
quieter output 静默模式
--logpath
arg
file to send all output to instead of stdout
指定日志存放目录
--logappend
appnd to logpath instead of over-writing
指定日志是以追加还是以覆盖的方式写入日志文件
--fork
fork server process 以创建子进程的方式运行
--cpu
periodically show cpu and iowait utilization
周期性的显示cpu和io的使用情况
--noauth
run without security 无认证模式运行
--auth
run with security 认证模式运行
--objcheck
inspect client data for validity on receipt
检查客户端输入数据的有效性检查
--quota
enable db quota management 开始数据库配额的管理
--quotaFiles
arg number of
files allower per db, requires --quota 规定每个数据库允许的文件数
--appsrvpath
arg root
directory for the babble app server
--nocursors
diagnostic/debugging option 调试诊断选项
--nohints
ignore query hints 忽略查询命中率
--nohttpinterface
disable http interface 关闭http接口，默认是28017
--noscripting
disable scripting engine 关闭脚本引擎
--noprealloc
disable data file preallocation 关闭数据库文件大小预分配
--smallfiles
use a smaller default file size 使用较小的默认文件大小
--nssize arg (=16)
.ns file size (in MB) for new databases 新数据库ns文件的默认大小
--diaglog
arg
0=off 1=W 2=R 3=both 7=W+some reads
提供的方式，是只读，只写，还是读写都行，还是主要写+部分的读模式
--sysinfo
print some diagnostic system information 打印系统诊断信息
--upgrade
upgrade db if needed 如果需要就更新数据库
--repair
run repair on all dbs 修复所有的数据库
--notablescan
do not allow table scans 不运行表扫描
--syncdelay arg (=60) seconds
between disk syncs (0 for never) 系统同步刷新磁盘的时间，默认是60s
Replication options:
--master
master mode 主复制模式
--slave
slave mode 从复制模式
--source
arg when
slave: specify master as
--only
arg
when slave: specify a single database to replicate
当为从时，指定需要从主复制的单一库
--pairwith arg
address of server to pair with
--arbiter
arg address of
arbiter server 仲裁服务器，在主主中和pair中用到
--autoresync
automatically resync if slave data is stale 自动同步从的数据
--oplogSize arg size
limit (in MB) for op log 指定操作日志的大小
--opIdMem
arg size limit (in
bytes) for in memory storage of op ids指定存储操作日志的内存大小
Sharding options:
--configsvr
declare this is a config db of a cluster 指定shard中的配置服务器
--shardsvr
declare this is a shard db of a cluster 指定shard服务器
CODE:
> db
Admin想切换到test数据库下面
CODE:
> use test
switched to db test
> db
Test想查看test下有哪些表或者叫collection，可以输入
CODE:
> show collections
system.indexes
user想知道mongodb支持哪些命令，可以直接输入help
CODE:
> help
HELP
show dbs
show database names
show collections
show collections in current
database
show users
show
users in current database
show profile
show most
recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
use
db.help()
help on DB methods
db.foo.help()
help on collection
methods
db.foo.find()
list objects in
collection foo
db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )
list objects in foo where a == 1
it
result of the last line evaluated; use to
further iterate如果想知道当前数据库支持哪些方法：
CODE:
> db.help();
DB methods:
db.addUser(username, password)
添加数据库授权用户
db.auth(username, password)
访问认证
db.cloneDatabase(fromhost) 克隆数据库
db.commandHelp(name) returns the
help for the command
db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb,
fromhost) 复制数据库
db.createCollection(name, { size :
..., capped : ..., max : ... } ) 创建表
db.currentOp() displays the current
operation in the db
db.dropDatabase()
删除当前数据库
db.eval_r(func, args) run code
server-side
db.getCollection(cname) same as
db['cname'] or db.cname
db.getCollectionNames()
获取当前数据库的表名
db.getLastError() - just returns the
err msg string
db.getLastErrorObj() - return full
status object
db.getMongo() get the server
connection object
db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow
this connection to read from the nonmaster member of a replica
pair
db.getName()
db.getPrevError()
db.getProfilingLevel()
db.getReplicationInfo()
db.getSisterDB(name) get the db at
the same server as this onew
db.killOp() kills the current
operation in the db
db.printCollectionStats()
打印各表的状态信息
db.printReplicationInfo()
打印主数据库的复制状态信息
db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
打印从数据库的复制状态信息
db.printShardingStatus()
打印分片状态信息
db.removeUser(username) 删除数据库用户
db.repairDatabase() 修复数据库
db.resetError()
db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database
command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj :
1 }
db.setProfilingLevel(level) 0=off
1=slow 2=all
db.shutdownServer()
db.version() current version of the
server如果想知道当前数据库下的表或者表collection支持哪些方法，可以使用一下命令如：
CODE:
> db.user.help(); user为表名
DBCollection help
db.foo.count()
统计表的行数
db.foo.dataSize()
统计表数据的大小
db.foo.distinct( key ) - eg.
db.foo.distinct( 'x' )
按照给定的条件除重
db.foo.drop() drop the collection
删除表
db.foo.dropIndex(name) 删除指定索引
db.foo.dropIndexes() 删除所有索引
db.foo.ensureIndex(keypattern,options) - options
should be an object with these possible fields: name, unique,
dropDups 增加索引
db.foo.find( [query] , [fields]) -
first parameter is an optional query filter. second parameter is
optional set of fields to return. 根据条件查找数据
e.g. db.foo.find( { x
: 77 } , { name : 1 , x : 1 } )
db.foo.find(...).count()
db.foo.find(...).limit(n)
根据条件查找数据并返回指定记录数
db.foo.find(...).skip(n)
db.foo.find(...).sort(...) 查找排序
db.foo.findOne([query])
根据条件查询只查询一条数据
db.foo.getDB() get DB object
associated with collection 返回表所属的库
db.foo.getIndexes() 显示表的所有索引
db.foo.group( { key : ..., initial:
..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } ) 根据条件分组
db.foo.mapReduce( mapFunction ,
reduceFunction ,
db.foo.remove(query) 根据条件删除数据
db.foo.renameCollection( newName )
renames the collection 重命名表
db.foo.save(obj) 保存数据
db.foo.stats() 查看表的状态
db.foo.storageSize() - includes free
space allocated to this collection 查询分配到表空间大小
db.foo.totalIndexSize() - size in
bytes of all the indexes 查询所有索引的大小
db.foo.totalSize() - storage
allocated for all data and indexes 查询表的总大小
db.foo.update(query, object[,
upsert_bool]) 根据条件更新数据
db.foo.validate() - SLOW
验证表的详细信息
db.foo.getShardVersion() - only for
use with shardingMongodb的备份工具mongodump
如果想备份数据库test 如：
CODE:
[falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongodump
--help
options:
--help
produce help message
-h [ --host ] arg mongo
host to connect to
-d [ --db ] arg
database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some
commands)
-u [ --username ] arg username
-p [ --password ] arg password
--dbpath arg
directly access mongod data files in this path,
instead of connecting
to a mongod instance
-v [ --verbose ] be
more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g.
-vvvvv)
-o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory
[falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$
[color=Blue]./mongodump -d test -o test/[/color]
connected to: 127.0.0.1
DATABASE: test to
test/test
test.user to test/test/user.bson
100000 objects
test.system.indexes to
test/test/system.indexes.bson
1 objects
[falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ls
2 mongo mongodump
mongofiles mongorestore mongosniff
dump mongod mongoexport mongoimport mongos
testMongoDB的数据恢复工具mongorestore
查看test库中的表
CODE:
> show collections
system.indexes
User删除user表
CODE:
> db.user.drop();
True
> show collections
System.indexes现在利用mongorestore表恢复刚才利用mongodump备份的数据
CODE:
[falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongorestore
--help
usage: ./mongorestore [options] [directory or filename to restore
from]
options:
--help
produce help message
-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to
connect to
-d [ --db ] arg
database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
-u [ --username ] arg username
-p [ --password ] arg password
--dbpath arg
directly access mongod data files in this path,
instead of connecting
to a mongod instance
-v [ --verbose ] be more
verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g.
-vvvvv)
[falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongorestore
-d test -c user test/test/user.bson
connected to: 127.0.0.1
test/test/user.bson
going into namespace
[test.user]
100000 objectsUser表中的10w条记录已经恢复
CODE:
> show collections
system.indexes
user
> db.user.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347000000"), "uid" : 1,
"username" : "Falcon.C-1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347010000"), "uid" : 2,
"username" : "Falcon.C-2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347020000"), "uid" : 3,
"username" : "Falcon.C-3" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347030000"), "uid" : 4,
"username" : "Falcon.C-4" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347040000"), "uid" : 5,
"username" : "Falcon.C-5" }
.................
has more
mongodb还提供了HTTP查看运行状态及restfull的接口
默认的访问端口是28017
rest的访问接口
